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raven · Trimis: 29/03/2010 01:21 Titlul subiectului: Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар în mongolă, pronunţat [Ulaɣan Baɣatar]) este capitala Mongoliei. Oraşul este câteodată cunoscut, mai ales în texte mai vechi, ca şi Ulan Bator. În 2006, populaţia oraşului era estimată la aproape un milion de locuitori. Ulaanbaatar este situat pe râul Tuul, în nord-estul ţării.

Istorie
Oraşul a fost fondat în secolul XVIII, după ce capitala Mongoliei, cunoscută atunci ca Urga, a fost mutată frecvent din loc în loc. În anii 1860, oraşul a crescut semnificativ, devenind un centru comercial pe ruta de ceai între Rusia şi China. Sub numele de Ulaanbaatar, oraşul a devenit capitala Republicii Populare Mongole în 1928 şi a rămas capitala Mongoliei de atunci.

Administraţie
Ulaanbaatar este împărţit în inedită districte şi este guvernat de un consiliu local compus din 40 de membri, aleşi democratic din patru în patru ani. Consiliul local alege primarul oraşului. Actualul primar este Tsogt Batbayar.

Transport
Ulaanbaatar-ul este servit de Aeroportul Internaţional Ginghis Han (cunoscut înainte ca "Buyant Ukhaa") şi este legat de drumuri naţionale, frecvent neasfaltate, cu majoritatea celorlalte oraşe principale ale Mongoliei. Oraşul are legături feroviare cu Rusia şi China, fiind punct de tranzit pentru trenul între Moscova şi Beijing.

Transportul în comun în oraş este oferit de companii private de autobuz care sunt autorizate de guvernul local şi naţional. Majoritatea autobuzelor au fost cumpărate de la URSS pe momentul îndată ce Mongolia era comunistă, deşi în ultimul timp există autobuze moderne din Japonia şi Coreea de Sud. Pe alături sistemul de autobuze, există şi o reţea de microbuze care fac competiţie directă cu companiile de autobuze, în general într-un mod ilegal.

Cultură şi învăţământ
Ulaanbaatar are cinci universităţi majore: Universitatea Naţională a Mongoliei, Universitatea Sţiinţifică şi Tehnologică a Mongoliei, Universitatea de Sănătate şi Ştiinţe Medicale, Universitatea Pedagogică şi Universitatea de Artă şi Cultură. Se află şi diverse facultăţi private. Biblioteca din Ulaanbaatar conţine o varietate de manuscrise antice mongole, chinezeşti sau tibetane.
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Kasumi · Trimis: 02/04/2010 19:42 Titlul subiectului:

tara aste este teribil de interesanta,imi place mult :-D

ei sunt,din cate am inteles, cumplit de prietenosi dar mi-e teama ca nu vor sfarsi raniti de cei care profita...ca sunt la greu in mulțimea asta :-/

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raven · Trimis: 02/04/2010 22:04 Titlul subiectului:

Bine nici foarte prietenosi, dar îndeajuns de atenti cu musafirii lor.
Am sa caut poze cu capitala lor, sa va pun.
Arata suficient de bine. ;-)

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Kasumi · Trimis: 03/04/2010 19:09 Titlul subiectului:

inteleg...pai sa pui poze,eu astept ;-)

pai si chiar daca sunt atenti cu musafirii lor,asta nu inseamna ca musafirii sa nu fie oameni de ultima speta :-/

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raven · Trimis: 24/07/2010 20:02 Titlul subiectului:

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O poza din capitala Mongoliei. Promit sa mai informatii si poze.
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Kasumi · Trimis: 24/07/2010 22:58 Titlul subiectului:

hm....nu pare a fi o capitala...adica daca o comparam cu bucurestiul.... :-/

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Ayame · Moderator Data inscrierii: 31/Mar/2010 Mesaje: 3397

imi place poza, si infoarmatiile sunt intesesante.
multumiri, raven!
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raven · Trimis: 07/11/2010 23:51 Titlul subiectului:

Ca sa va arat cat de frumoasa e capitala Mongoliei va aduc poze si cateva informatii.

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Sights

Sukhbaatar SquareUlaanbaatar has not seen any war-related destruction except the February 1921 Battle of Urga in which Baron Ungern von Sternberg defeated the 10,000 strong Chinese garrison (who had themselves occupied Urga without a battle). During the Battle of Urga it was mainly the outskirts of the city that suffered damage on the large part due to fires. It was instead Prime Minister Choibalsan's harsh policies in 1937 that led to the destruction of entire sections of the city. The Zuun khuree central palace-temple complex, the nobles' residences, many ger districts as well as the main markets were completely destroyed to make way for more modern buildings. Therefore few buildings survive from before 1937.

Pre-1937 buildings that survive include: Dambadarjaalin monastery in Sukhbaatar District (1765), Dashchoilin monastery's large yurt chapels (built in 1778), Gandan monastery's golden-roofed Gandantegchinlen temple also called the Tsogchin dugan (1838), Vajradhara temple (1841), Zuu temple (1869), Didan Laviran temple (19th century), the restored Russian Consulate building (1863), Erdem Itgemjit temple (1893) at the Bogd Khan's Winter Palace, rest of the buildings at the same Palace (1893–1906), the Museum of Ulaanbaatar's History which was formerly the private residence of the rich Buryat merchant Tsogt Badamjav (1904), Zanabazar's Art Museum building which was formerly called the Ondor Khorshoo (1905), the two-storey brick headquarters of the mining company "Mongolore" (1905), the tall Megjid Janraisig temple (1913–1914), the residence of Chin Wang Khanddorj, a prominent noble and politician in the early years of Mongolia's independence (1913), the first telephone building where Russian Orthodox choir singers stayed (1914), Marshal Zhukov Museum etc. The building of the Teacher's College was originally the government headquarters and dates from 1930. Prime Minister Genden's residence was built in 1930.

Monasteries

Gandan Monastery
One of the gates of the Winter PalaceAmong the notable older monasteries is the Choijin Lama Monastery, a Buddhist monastery that was completed in 1908. It escaped the destruction of Mongolian monasteries when it was turned into a museum in 1942 Another is the Gandan Monastery, which dates to the 19th century. Its most famous attraction is a 26.5-meter-high golden statue of Migjid Janraisig.[28] These monasteries are among the very few in Mongolia to escape the wholesale destruction of Mongolian monasteries under Khorloogiin Choibalsan.

Winter Palace
Old Ikh Khüree, once the city was set up as a permanent capital, had a number of palaces and noble residences in an area called Öndgiin sürgiin nutag. The Jebtsundamba Khutughtu, who was later crowned Bogd Khan, had four main imperial residences, which were located between the Middle (Dund gol) and Tuul rivers. The summer palace was called Erdmiin dalai buyan chuulgan süm or Bogd khaanii serüün ord. Other palaces were the White palace (Tsagaan süm or Gьngaa dejidlin), and the Pandelin palace (also called Naro Kha Chod süm), which was situated in the left bank of Tuul River. Some of the palaces were also used for religious purposes. The only palace that remains is the winter palace. The Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan (Bogd khaanii nogoon süm or Bogd khaanii öwliin ordon) remains as a museum of the last monarch. The complex includes six temples, many of the Bogd Khan's and his wife's possessions are on display in the main building.

Museums
Ulaanbaatar has several museums dedicated to Mongolian history and culture. The Normal History Museum features many dinosaur fossils and meteorites found in Mongolia.[30][31] The National Museum of Mongolian History includes exhibits from prehistoric times through the Mongol Empire to the present day.[32][33] The Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts contains a large collection of Mongolian art, including works of the 17th century sculptor/artist Zanabazar, as well as Mongolia's most famous painting, One Day In Mongolia by B. Sharav.

Pre-1778 artifacts that never left the city since its founding conține the Vajradhara statue made by Zanabazar himself in 1683 (the city's main deity kept at the Vajradhara temple), a highly ornate throne presented to Zanabazar by the Kangxi Emperor (before 1723), a sandalwood hat presented to Zanabazar by the Dalai Lama (c. 1663), Zanabazar's large fur coat which was also presented by the Kangxi Emperor and a great number of autentic statues made by Zanabazar himself (e.g. the Green Tara).

Puzzle Toys Museum displays a comprehensive collection of complex wooden toys to be assembled by players using sophisticated methods.

Opera house

Opera HouseThe Ulaanbaatar Opera House, situated in the center of the city, hosts concerts and musical performances.

[edit] Sukhbaatar Square
Sukhbaatar Square, in the government district, is the center of Ulaanbaatar. The square is 31,068 square meters in size. In the middle of Sükhbaatar Square, there is a statue of Damdin Sükhbaatar on horseback. The spot was chosen because that was where Sukhbaatar's horse had urinated (a good omen) on July 8, 1921 during a gathering of the Red Army. On the north side of Sükhbaatar Square is the Mongolian Parliament building, featuring a large statue of Chinggis Khan at the top of the front steps. Peace Avenue (Enkh Taivny Urgon Chuloo), the main thoroughfare through town, runs along the south side of the square.

Zaisan Memorial
The Zaisan Memorial, a memorial to Soviet soldiers killed in World War II, sits on a hill south of the city. The Zaisan Memorial includes a Soviet tank paid for by the Mongolian people and a circular memorial painting which in the socialist realism style depicts scenes of friendship between the peoples of Soviet Union and Mongolia. Visitors who make the long climb to the top are rewarded with a panoramic view of the whole city down in the valley.

National Sport Stadium
National Sports Stadium is the main sporting venue. The Naadam festival is held here every July.

Surroundings
Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, a nature preserve with many tourist facilities, is approximately 70 km from Ulan Bator. Accessible via paved road.
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Ayame · Moderator Data inscrierii: 31/Mar/2010 Mesaje: 3397

da, intr-adevar, este foarte frumoasa ;-)

multumim pentru informatii :smile:

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Takashima Erisu · Trimis: 03/08/2011 20:47 Titlul subiectului:

Si mie imi plac mult pozele :-D

.
Cred c-as merge acolo oricand :unsure:

Adica,sunt draguti, primitori, glumeti, au o tara frumoasa :-D

....
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raven · Trimis: 11/09/2011 18:48 Titlul subiectului:

Si mie mi-ar place sa vad Mongolia.
Eu cred ca orice tara merita vazuta, fiecare are ceva frumos, doar trebuie sa descoperi.
Va mai aduc doua poze, din pacate doua, fiindca le gasesc greu.

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Kasumi · Trimis: 11/09/2011 22:06 Titlul subiectului:

a doua e cea mai misto din toate!
vaaaai,de abia astept sa ninga!! :'-(

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raven · Trimis: 03/12/2011 16:56 Titlul subiectului:

Am mai gasit doar doua poze.
Gasesc teribil de greu poze cu capitala Mongoliei.

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Ce impresie va lasa?
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Ayame · Moderator Data inscrierii: 31/Mar/2010 Mesaje: 3397

waw, sunt superbe :w00t:

am ramas fascinata de a doua poza :wub:

multumim!

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